GHG Summary Report

CO2 equivalent emissions from facility subparts C-II, SS, and TT (metric tons):2,888,938.6
CO2 equivalent emissions from supplier subparts LL-QQ (metric tons):
Biogenic CO2 emissions from facility subparts C-II, SS, and TT (metric tons):0
Cogeneration Unit Emissions Indicator:NA
GHG Report Start Date:2020-01-01
GHG Report End Date:2020-12-31
Description of Changes to Calculation Methodology:
Plant Code Indicator:N
Primary NAICS Code:325311
Second Primary NAICS Code:

Parent Company Details:

Parent Company Name:CF INDUSTRIES HOLDINGS INC
Address:4 Parkway North, Suite 400, Deerfield, IL 60015
Percent Ownership Interest:100

Subpart C: General Stationary Fuel Combustion

Gas Information Details

Gas Name	Carbon Dioxide
Gas Quantity	932,136.9 (Metric Tons)
Own Result?

Gas Name	Biogenic Carbon dioxide
Gas Quantity	0 (Metric Tons)
Own Result?

Gas Name	Methane
Gas Quantity	18.57 (Metric Tons)
Own Result?

Gas Name	Nitrous Oxide
Gas Quantity	1.857 (Metric Tons)
Own Result?

Unit Details:

Unit Name : EU-401
Unit Type : OB (Boiler, other)
Unit Description :

Individual Unit Details:
Use Ivt Indicator: Y
Maximum Rated Heat Input Capacity: 458 (mmBtu/hr)

Emission Details:
Annual Biogenic CO2 Emissions: (metric tons)

Tier 4 Details:

Tier Methodology Start Date : 2020-01-01
Tier Methodology End Date : 2020-12-31

Tier 4 Quarter Fuel Details

First Quarter	Second Quarter	Third Quarter	Fourth Quarter
25738.79 (Metric Tons)	22430.74 (Metric Tons)	26217.80 (Metric Tons)	25726.14 (Metric Tons)

Total Source Operating Hours: 8439.93

Operating Hours Details:
Operating hours in which a substitute data value was used in the emissions calculations for CO2 concentration : 156
Operating hours in which a substitute data value was used in the emissions calculations for stack gas flow rate : 156
Operating hours in which a substitute data value was used in the emissions calculations for stack gas moisture content : 0

Non-Biogenic CO2 emission : 0 (Metric Tons)
Biogenic CO2 emission : 0 (Metric Tons)
Annual CO2 emission measured by CEMS : 100113.5 (Metric Tons)
Emissions reported for the CEMS include emissions calculated according to 98.33(a)(4)(viii) for a slipstream that bypassed the CEMS. :

Tier Fuel Details:

Fuel : Natural Gas (Weighted U.S. Average)

Fuel Emission Details :

Total CH4 emissions	Total N2O emissions	Total CH4 emissions CO2e	Total N2O emissions CO2e
2.17 (Metric Tons)	0.217 (Metric Tons)	54.2 (Metric Tons)	64.6 (Metric Tons)

Unit Name : EU-400
Unit Type : OB (Boiler, other)
Unit Description :

Individual Unit Details:
Use Ivt Indicator: Y
Maximum Rated Heat Input Capacity: 458 (mmBtu/hr)

Emission Details:
Annual Biogenic CO2 Emissions: (metric tons)

Tier 4 Details:

Tier Methodology Start Date : 2020-01-01
Tier Methodology End Date : 2020-12-31

Tier 4 Quarter Fuel Details

First Quarter	Second Quarter	Third Quarter	Fourth Quarter
27981.30 (Metric Tons)	23914.91 (Metric Tons)	27756.87 (Metric Tons)	28994.97 (Metric Tons)

Total Source Operating Hours: 8430.90

Operating Hours Details:
Operating hours in which a substitute data value was used in the emissions calculations for CO2 concentration : 36
Operating hours in which a substitute data value was used in the emissions calculations for stack gas flow rate : 36
Operating hours in which a substitute data value was used in the emissions calculations for stack gas moisture content : 0

Non-Biogenic CO2 emission : 0 (Metric Tons)
Biogenic CO2 emission : 0 (Metric Tons)
Annual CO2 emission measured by CEMS : 108648.0 (Metric Tons)
Emissions reported for the CEMS include emissions calculated according to 98.33(a)(4)(viii) for a slipstream that bypassed the CEMS. :

Tier Fuel Details:

Fuel : Natural Gas (Weighted U.S. Average)

Fuel Emission Details :

Total CH4 emissions	Total N2O emissions	Total CH4 emissions CO2e	Total N2O emissions CO2e
2.16 (Metric Tons)	0.216 (Metric Tons)	53.9 (Metric Tons)	64.2 (Metric Tons)

Unit Name : GP-1
Unit Type : OCS (Other combustion source)
Unit Description :
Other Unit Name :

Small Unit Aggregation Details:
Use Ivt Indicator: Y
Highest Maximum Rated Heat Input Capacity: 58.8
Cumulative Maximum Rated Heat Input Capacity: 113.4

Emission Details:
Annual CO₂ mass emissions from sorbent: 0 (Metric Tons)
Annual Biogenic CO2 Emissions: 0 (metric tons)
Annual Fossil fuel based CO2 Emissions: 2303.7 (metric tons)

Tier Fuel Details:

Fuel : Natural Gas (Weighted U.S. Average)
Tier Name : Tier 2 (Equation C-2a)
Tier Methodology Start Date : 2020-01-01
Tier Methodology End Date : 2020-12-31
Frequency of HHV determinations : Monthly

Tier 2 Monthly HHV Details :

January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N

Fuel Emission Details :

Total CO2 emissions	Total CH4 emissions	Total N2O emissions	Total CH4 emissions CO2e	Total N2O emissions CO2e
2303.7 (Metric Tons)	0.04 (Metric Tons)	0.004 (Metric Tons)	1.1 (Metric Tons)	1.3 (Metric Tons)

Unit Name : EU-200
Unit Type : OCS (Other combustion source)
Unit Description :
Other Unit Name : Primary Reformer

Individual Unit Details:
Use Ivt Indicator: Y
Maximum Rated Heat Input Capacity: 1275 (mmBtu/hr)

Emission Details:
Annual Biogenic CO2 Emissions: (metric tons)

Tier 4 Details:

Tier Methodology Start Date : 2020-01-01
Tier Methodology End Date : 2020-12-31

Tier 4 Quarter Fuel Details

First Quarter	Second Quarter	Third Quarter	Fourth Quarter
117413.26 (Metric Tons)	94304.29 (Metric Tons)	118727.26 (Metric Tons)	118539.67 (Metric Tons)

Total Source Operating Hours: 8310.53

Operating Hours Details:
Operating hours in which a substitute data value was used in the emissions calculations for CO2 concentration : 34
Operating hours in which a substitute data value was used in the emissions calculations for stack gas flow rate : 34
Operating hours in which a substitute data value was used in the emissions calculations for stack gas moisture content : 0

Non-Biogenic CO2 emission : 0 (Metric Tons)
Biogenic CO2 emission : 0 (Metric Tons)
Annual CO2 emission measured by CEMS : 448984.5 (Metric Tons)
Emissions reported for the CEMS include emissions calculated according to 98.33(a)(4)(viii) for a slipstream that bypassed the CEMS. :

Tier Fuel Details:

Fuel : Natural Gas (Weighted U.S. Average)

Fuel Emission Details :

Total CH4 emissions	Total N2O emissions	Total CH4 emissions CO2e	Total N2O emissions CO2e
9.07 (Metric Tons)	0.907 (Metric Tons)	226.9 (Metric Tons)	270.4 (Metric Tons)

Unit Name : EU-650
Unit Type : RICE (Reciprocating internal combustion engine)
Unit Description :

Individual Unit Details:
Use Ivt Indicator: Y
Maximum Rated Heat Input Capacity: 3.5 (mmBtu/hr)

Emission Details:
Annual CO₂ mass emissions from sorbent: 0 (Metric Tons)
Annual Biogenic CO2 Emissions: 0 (metric tons)

Tier Fuel Details:

Fuel : Distillate Fuel Oil No. 2
Tier Name : Tier 1 (Equation C-1)
Tier Methodology Start Date : 2020-01-01
Tier Methodology End Date : 2020-12-31

Fuel Emission Details :

Total CO2 emissions	Total CH4 emissions	Total N2O emissions	Total CH4 emissions CO2e	Total N2O emissions CO2e
17.7 (Metric Tons)	0.00 (Metric Tons)	0.000 (Metric Tons)	0.0 (Metric Tons)	0.0 (Metric Tons)

Unit Name : CP-1
Unit Type : OCS (Other combustion source)
Unit Description :
Other Unit Name :

Common Pipe Details:
Use Ivt Indicator: Y
Maximum Rated Heat Input Capacity: 480
Cumulative Maximum Rated Heat Input Capacity: 848.5

Emission Details:
Annual Biogenic CO2 Emissions: 0 (metric tons)
Annual Fossil fuel based CO2 Emissions: 272069.5 (metric tons)

Tier Fuel Details:

January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N

Fuel Emission Details :

Total CO2 emissions	Total CH4 emissions	Total N2O emissions	Total CH4 emissions CO2e	Total N2O emissions CO2e
272069.5 (Metric Tons)	5.13 (Metric Tons)	0.513 (Metric Tons)	128.2 (Metric Tons)	152.8 (Metric Tons)

Subpart G: Ammonia Manufacturing

CEMS Monitoring Location (CML) Details

Gas Information Details

Gas Name	Carbon Dioxide
Gas Quantity	1,566,916.4 (Metric Tons)
Own Result?

Gas Name	Biogenic Carbon dioxide
Gas Quantity	0 (Metric Tons)
Own Result?

Gas Name	Methane
Gas Quantity	0 (Metric Tons)
Own Result?

Gas Name	Nitrous Oxide
Gas Quantity	0 (Metric Tons)
Own Result?

Annual Urea Produced ():

Determination Method: Company records
Other Determination Method:

CO2 Consumed (Metric Tons):

Consumed Method: Other
Other Consumed Method: Process Knowledge

Annual ammonia produced (sum of annual ammonia production from all units reported in subpart G) ():

No Cems Ammonia Details

Ammonia II Plant (Description: Type: Ammonia Manufacturing Process Unit)
		Value	Is Substituted	Times Substituted
Month	January
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	February
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	March
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	April
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	May
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	June
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	July
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	August
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	September
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	October
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	November
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	December
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Annual CO2 Emissions		1094174 (Metric Tons)
Carbon Content of Feedstock
Annual quantity of methanol intentionally produced as a desired product for this process unit		()

Ammonia Plant (Description: Type: Ammonia Manufacturing Process Unit)
		Value	Is Substituted	Times Substituted
Month	January
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	February
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	March
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	April
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	May
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	June
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	July
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	August
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	September
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	October
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	November
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Month	December
Feedstock Type
	Quantity		N
	Quantity Determination Method	Flow meter
	Other Quantity Determination Method
	Carbon Content		N
	Basis for Carbon Content	ASTM D1945-03
	Molecular Weight		N
Annual CO2 Emissions		472742.4 (Metric Tons)
Carbon Content of Feedstock
Annual quantity of methanol intentionally produced as a desired product for this process unit		()

Subpart V: Nitric Acid Production

Gas Information Details

Gas Name	Nitrous Oxide
Gas Quantity	1,304.925 (Metric Tons)
Own Result?

SubpartVFacilityInformationDetails:

Total Number of Nitric Acid Trains at the Facility [§98.226(f)]	2
Total Annual Nitric Acid Production for the Facility [§98.226(e)] (short tons)
Total Annual Percent N2O Emission Reduction for All Nitric Acid Trains Combined [§98.226(q)] (percent)	percent

NitricAcidTrainInformationDetails:

NitricAcidTrainInfoRowDetails:

Nitric Acid Train ID [§98.226(a)]	Acid 1
Description of the Nitric Acid Train (Optional)
Number of Months that a Missing Data Procedure Was Used to Determine a Monthly Quantity of Nitric Acid Production [§98.226(l)]	0
Type of Nitric Acid Process Used by the Train [§98.226(k)]
Are N2O Emissions Estimated Using an Administrator-Approved Alternative Method? [§98.226]	No
If yes, is this a previously approved alternative method? [§98.223(a)(2)]
If yes, enter the name of the Alternative Method [§98.226(n)(1)]
If yes, provide a description of the Alternative Method [§98.226(n)(2)]
If yes, enter the request date [§98.226(n)(3)] (mm/dd/yyyy)
If yes, enter the approval date [§98.226(n)(4)] (mm/dd/yyyy)
Number of Times in the Reporting Year that a Performance Test had to be Repeated [§98.226(m)(7)]	0
Performance Test (1 of 3): ID/Description [§98.226(m)]	Acid 1 Acid1_July 2020
Performance Test (1 of 3): Test Method Used [§98.226(m)(2)]	EPA Method 320
Performance Test (2 of 3): ID/Description (if applicable) [§98.226(m)]
Performance Test (2 of 3): Test Method Used (if applicable) [(98.226(m)(2)]
Performance Test (3 of 3): ID/Description (if applicable) [§98.226(m)]
Performance Test (3 of 3): Test Method Used (if applicable) [(98.226(m)(2)]
Does Nitric Acid Train Exhaust to an N2O Abatement Technology? [§98.226(h)]	No
Was Nonselective catalytic reduction (NSCR) used as an abatement technology? [§98.226(h)]
Were any "other" abatement technologies used? [§98.226(h)]
If yes, provide a description of the "Other" Abatement Technology [§98.226(h)]
Date of Installation of Abatement Technology [§98.226(h)] (mm/dd/yyyy)
Annual N2O Emissions for the Nitric Acid Train [§98.226(b)] (metric tons)	630.58
Nitric Acid Train ID [§98.226(a)]	Acid 2
Description of the Nitric Acid Train (Optional)
Number of Months that a Missing Data Procedure Was Used to Determine a Monthly Quantity of Nitric Acid Production [§98.226(l)]	0
Type of Nitric Acid Process Used by the Train [§98.226(k)]
Are N2O Emissions Estimated Using an Administrator-Approved Alternative Method? [§98.226]	No
If yes, is this a previously approved alternative method? [§98.223(a)(2)]
If yes, enter the name of the Alternative Method [§98.226(n)(1)]
If yes, provide a description of the Alternative Method [§98.226(n)(2)]
If yes, enter the request date [§98.226(n)(3)] (mm/dd/yyyy)
If yes, enter the approval date [§98.226(n)(4)] (mm/dd/yyyy)
Number of Times in the Reporting Year that a Performance Test had to be Repeated [§98.226(m)(7)]	0
Performance Test (1 of 3): ID/Description [§98.226(m)]	Acid 2 Acid2_June 2020
Performance Test (1 of 3): Test Method Used [§98.226(m)(2)]	EPA Method 320
Performance Test (2 of 3): ID/Description (if applicable) [§98.226(m)]
Performance Test (2 of 3): Test Method Used (if applicable) [(98.226(m)(2)]
Performance Test (3 of 3): ID/Description (if applicable) [§98.226(m)]
Performance Test (3 of 3): Test Method Used (if applicable) [(98.226(m)(2)]
Does Nitric Acid Train Exhaust to an N2O Abatement Technology? [§98.226(h)]	No
Was Nonselective catalytic reduction (NSCR) used as an abatement technology? [§98.226(h)]
Were any "other" abatement technologies used? [§98.226(h)]
If yes, provide a description of the "Other" Abatement Technology [§98.226(h)]
Date of Installation of Abatement Technology [§98.226(h)] (mm/dd/yyyy)
Annual N2O Emissions for the Nitric Acid Train [§98.226(b)] (metric tons)	674.345

Subpart PP: Suppliers of Carbon Dioxide

Gas Information Details

Gas Name	Carbon Dioxide
Gas Quantity
Own Result?

Supplier Type: capture 98.420(a)(1)

Calculation Methodology: Flow Meters 1

Meter Details:

Meter Name: FT-4385
Meter Description:
Meter Type: CO2 Flow Meter
Measurement Type: Volumetric - concentration in weight percentage
Annual Mass of CO2 (Metric Tons):
Biomass-Based Percent: 0
Flow Meter Location: NA
Was CO2 Imported or Exported: NA
Dehydration Equipment Upstream? N
Dehydration Equipment Downstream? N
Compression Equipment Upstream? N
Compression Equipment Downstream? N
Other Processing Equipment Upstream? N
Other Processing Equipment Downstream? N
Other Processing Equipment Description:

Quarterly Volumetric Flow Data

Quarter	Volumetric Flow Rate	CO2 Concentration	Measurement Standard	Density	Density Method
First Quarter		(wt. %CO2 expressed as a fraction)	SAM 4.8 - Determination of Oxygen, CO, and Other Non Condensable Gases in Carbon Dioxide Feed Gas by GC/TCD. Concentration determined by NCG subtration method.	(mton/scm)	SAM 4.8 - Determination of Oxygen, CO, and Other Non Condensable Gases in Carbon Dioxide Feed Gas by GC/TCD. Concentration determined by NCG subtration method.
Second Quarter		(wt. %CO2 expressed as a fraction)	SAM 4.8 - Determination of Oxygen, CO, and Other Non Condensable Gases in Carbon Dioxide Feed Gas by GC/TCD. Concentration determined by NCG subtration method.	(mton/scm)	SAM 4.8 - Determination of Oxygen, CO, and Other Non Condensable Gases in Carbon Dioxide Feed Gas by GC/TCD. Concentration determined by NCG subtration method.
Third Quarter		(wt. %CO2 expressed as a fraction)	SAM 4.8 - Determination of Oxygen, CO, and Other Non Condensable Gases in Carbon Dioxide Feed Gas by GC/TCD. Concentration determined by NCG subtration method.	(mton/scm)	SAM 4.8 - Determination of Oxygen, CO, and Other Non Condensable Gases in Carbon Dioxide Feed Gas by GC/TCD. Concentration determined by NCG subtration method.
Fourth Quarter		(wt. %CO2 expressed as a fraction)	SAM 4.8 - Determination of Oxygen, CO, and Other Non Condensable Gases in Carbon Dioxide Feed Gas by GC/TCD. Concentration determined by NCG subtration method.	(mton/scm)	SAM 4.8 - Determination of Oxygen, CO, and Other Non Condensable Gases in Carbon Dioxide Feed Gas by GC/TCD. Concentration determined by NCG subtration method.

End Use Details

End Use Category	Quantity of CO2
Food and beverage	(Metric Tons)
Industrial and municipal water/wastewater treatment	(Metric Tons)
Metal fabrication, including welding and cutting	(Metric Tons)
Greenhouse uses for plant growth	(Metric Tons)
Fumigants (e.g., grain storage) and herbicides	(Metric Tons)
Pulp and paper	(Metric Tons)
Cleaning and solvent use	(Metric Tons)
Fire fighting	(Metric Tons)
Transportation and storage of explosives	(Metric Tons)
Injection of CO2 for enhanced oil and natural gas recovery that is covered by 40 CFR Part 98, Subpart UU	(Metric Tons)
Geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide that is covered by 40 CFR Part 98, Subpart RR	(Metric Tons)
Research and Development	(Metric Tons)
Other (if other please provide a short description of the use)	(Metric Tons)
Unknown	(Metric Tons)

Number of days substitute data procedures were used for mass or volume: 0

Number of days substitute data procedures were used for concentration: 0

Number of days substitute data procedures were used for density: 0

Types of Equipment Used

Equipment Type	Standard Used to Calibrate Equipment
Volumetric flow meter	The volumetric flowmeter is a venturi tube with a DP transmitter. The DP transmitter is calibrated with a Beamex calibrator. The method is based on manufacturer's recommended procedures and is based on a 9 point calibration. The max error limit in the method is 2% of span.